The reduced influence of soft budget constrints is often seen as an explanation for the successful growth of China's non-state sector. Views differ, however, as to whether collectively owned rural enterprise are in fact subject to hard financial discipline. This paper reports an inquiry into the...

A comprehensive study of the special pattern of China's industrialization and economic development through the analysis of approximately one hundred policies, covering the historical period of new China since 1949. Issues examined include how China dealt with the five principal conflicts in...