A recent survey indicated that many procedures view risk in a safety-first context. Traditional methods used to impose safety-first constraints in optimization models have often been difficult to implement. This is particularly true when endogenous decisions affect the distribution of the...

Selected risk programming solutions (i.e., profit maximization, Target-MOTAD, and MOTAD) are tested in an economic environment outside the data set from which they were developed. Specifically, solutions are derived from either a longer 10-year (1965-74) or shorter 6-year estimation period...

The inadequacies of assessing business performance and credit worthiness by short run cash flow under conditions of inflation are stressed in this article. Because of the economic nature of traditional loan amortization, short-run cash flow cannot be relied on in gauging: (1) true business...