Natural resources account for 20% of world trade, and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to … (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature, and argue that the policy equilibrium …

The main objective of this paper is to analyse trade flows and tariff policies of health products. Compared to previous … identified in the common trade classification. The first contribution is thus to construct three groups of health products based … on the 2007 Harmonized System classification of international trade. Using these commodity groups, we analyse trade flows …

tariffs. First, we solve a stylized 2x2 trade model of a large open economy and show that (a) productivity gains via exports … that the incentive to manipulate the terms of trade strategically vanishes, (c) the welfare gain that can be achieved via a … trade-induced productivity gains into account. The USA are the only model region that gains from European optimal tariff …

markets to investigate how the positive economic performance is based on local retail and trade in Kunduz and Imam Sahib …

We hypothesize that North-South trade is associated with knowledge spillovers that create labor productivity gains … the South-North gap in labor intensities within a couple of decades if it were solely achieved through the trade channel. …

-increasing appetite for energy generated by economic growth. This demand region will absorb the major share of future natural gas trade …

the International Country Risk Guide, on trade. Our results suggest that an improved political institutional framework is …

international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60% of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …

misalignments. Intra-regional trade - both with North Africa and the rest of the continent - together with greater orientation to …