empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on the education and labor market outcomes … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on education and labor market outcomes of … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

use both education and past job displacement as a signal of a worker's unobservable ability. As a result, educated workers …

. We find that the public-sector wage differential and excess underemployment account for 15 percent of the education bias …, with the remaining accounted for by technology. In a counterintuitive fashion, we find that more compressed wages in the …

, wages are highest for formal workers and lowest for lower-tier informal jobs. The proportion of formal workers who maintain … move up the wage ladder. Education plays an important role, as it increases the probability of transitioning into a better … job and, within informality, the chance of better wages. …

This study is an attempt to measure the effects of entering the Brazilian labor market at an early age on wages earned … after the age of 14. We also found a threshold effect in returns to education with a magnitude that increases as people …

's stock of human capital. This paper considers how markets and non-market institutions determine the quantity, wages, skills … markets in developing countries are likely to grow further as teacher quality becomes a greater focus of education policy … wages. The evidence supports the existence and importance of such frictions in how teacher labor markets function. In many …