The standard solution of the open-loop optimal import tariff is normally time inconsistent. This paper shows why and derives the dynamically consistent Markov perfect tariff. The two tariffs are compared; they differ except for a special class of import demands. The time paths of tariffs and the...

This paper studies a dynamic game where each of two large blocs, of fossil fuel importers and exporters respectively, sets either taxes or quotas to exercise power in fossil-fuel markets. The main novel feature is the inclusion of a "fringe" of non- strategic (emerging and developing) countries...