This paper examines the reallocation of bank credit from loans to securities in the early 1990s using data on virtually all U.S. banks from 1979 to 1992. The authors investigate implementation of risk-based capital and other regulatory and nonregulatory changes as possible causes of a...

Property-liability insurance is distributed through a direct-writer system, where agents represent one insurer, and an independent-agency system, where agents represent several insurers. Independent-agency insurers have higher costs than direct writers. The market-imperfections hypothesis...

We find that small business credit scoring (SBCS) is associated with expanded quantities, higher average prices, and greater average risk levels for small business credits under $100,000, after controlling for bank size and other differences across banks. We also find that: 1) bank-specific and...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify which small businesses are most “debt sensitive”, or most likely to be affected by banking market conditions. Design/methodology/approach – For the primary debt sensitivity categories, the paper hypothesizes that bank conditions are most...

The authors contribute to both the finance-growth literature and the community banking literature by testing the effects of the relative health of community banks on economic growth, and investigating potential transmission mechanisms for these effects using data from 1993-2000 on 49 nations....

This paper enters the debate between market-power and efficient-structure explanations of the profit-structure relationship in banking by including direct measures of X-efficiency and scale efficiency in the analysis. Structural models of two market-power hypotheses and two efficient-structure...

China is reforming its banking system, partially privatizing and permitting minority foreign ownership of three of the dominant ‘big four’ state-owned banks. This paper seeks to help predict the effects of this change by analysing the efficiency of virtually all Chinese banks in the years...

This article introduces new modeling and estimation methods designed to help mitigate problems of endogeneity and misspecification. The authors use an output distance function to model the technology of a multioutput firm. They also use results from B. U. Park and L. Simar (1995) and B. U. Park,...