Innovation is a scarce resource--in order for innovation to occur, a country must forgo something else. In the international trade literature, the sacrifice is usually in terms of inputs that could have been used in production. However, to imply that innovation depends on productive resources...

This dissertation explores the influences of minimum quality standards and of the threat of entry in a vertical product differentiation model. In the first chapter, I study the influence of minimum quality standards in a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation and trade in...

One of the subjects under discussion at the Uruguay Round for the last 4 years has been the introduction of strengthened protection of intellectual property rights (IPR's) in underdeveloped countries. This issue has polarized countries into the rich, Northern countries who undertake R&D and...