This research study consists of four self-contained essays on 1. intra-household inequality, 2. the value of household production and consumption possibilities, 3. the income inequality effects of A Finnish Work Incentive Trap Reform and 4. the children's wellbeing. All the essays focus on...

In 1990s there has been a "boom" of extensive technology foresight studies based on the use of the Delphi method. This study examines critically e.g. national foresight studies made in Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and Austria. The study suggests that the epistemic paradigm of the general...

The aim of this report is to look at the role of science, technology and innovation policies from the perspective of the national policy process and to offer certain conclusions for the tasks related to the progress toward a knowledge-based society and economy in the European union. Three...

This study focuses on the motives and constraints of the monetary policy authorities, i.e. the central banks. The fundamental theme is that the policy variable (inflation) is endogenous in the analysis. The behavior of this variable is a consequence of strategic and informational interactions...

Marginal cost transport pricing - if implemented in European cities - may give rise to substantial welfare benefits for the urban populations. Depending on the local conditions and on the policy instruments used, annual welfare gains may typically amount to 100-400 euros per capita, as measured...

This thesis consists of an introduction to the economic analysis of housing markets (Chapter 1) and three studies each analyzing different housing policy instruments. Chapter 2 examines the effect on housing construction of the Finnish property tax system. The focus is on the effects of taxing...

In this paper we explore how the environment offered by institutions influences long-run growth. In order for the estimation results to be trustworthy we control the reliability of the estimates in several ways. Firstly, we include the lagged level of output per worker in the model to control...

This study analyses the labour market developments of selected 22 European countries during the last ten years. The developments in employment and unemployment as well as the most essential distributive effects are presented. The labour market policy reforms of Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland,...

This study evaluates the long-run effects of Finnish active labour market programmes in youth labour markets. The effectiveness of programmes is measured by a number of outcomes, including employment, unemployment, programme participation, education, being out of the labour force and annual...

Charges and taxes for transport have traditionally had little connection to costs, instead being part of broader fiscal policies of raising revenue or directly promoting other goals, industrial, social and environmental. The gap between the costs and actual charges is particularly evident in...