This paper finds that banks that offered lower opening bids were rewarded with significantly lower warrant repurchase prices in transactions that raised $2.856 billion in 2009. These results were scaled by third-party consultants’ and the Congressional Oversight Panel's estimates of the...

We analyse the effect of differing uncertainty assumptions on the costs of shareholder-bondholder conflicts arising from partially debt-financed investments. A partial equilibrium model, valid for a large class of diffusion processes, is developed and then applied to the specific cases of a...

Over 20 years, M&A contracts have more than doubled in size – from 35 to 88 single-spaced pages in this paper's font. They have also grown significantly in linguistic complexity – from post-graduate “grade 20” to post-doctoral “grade 30”. A substantial portion (lower bound ~20%) of...

This paper explores how the cost of risk management varies with firm characteristics, offering the first comparison between private, public, and family-owned firms. It exploits a natural experiment in highway procurement, which features diverse firms with common exposure to commodity risk. The...

We analyse the effect of mean-reverting cash flows on the costs of shareholder-bondholder conflicts arising from partially debt-financed investments. In a partial equilibrium setting we find that such agency costs are significantly lower under mean-reverting (MR) dynamics, when compared to the...

In a hand-coded sample of M&A contracts from 2007-08, risk allocation provisions exhibit wide variation. Earn-outs are the least common means to allocate risk, indemnities are most common, followed by price adjustment clauses. Techniques for mitigating enforcement costs – escrows, holdbacks,...

This paper analyzes the impact of price targets from the IBES Detail Price History Target database on executive compensation. I find that analysts' price targets alter the composition of executive pay. In particular, I find that when analysts forecast a rise in the share price for a firm, the...

Leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan (quot;ESOPquot;) transactions originated in the 1950s, yet there are still unresolved valuation issues that arise from a complex set of operating expenses, financing structures and contingent claims that are unique to leveraged ESOPs. Although complex,...

The cancellation provisions in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) warrant agreements loom large for the investment banks Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. These banks could gain hundreds of millions of dollars by issuing equity to satisfy the cancellation provisions of the TARP warrant...

This paper values the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) and Berkshire Hathaway warrants issued by Goldman Sachs in 2008. The paper's methodology could be of interest to policy makers, non-profits, journalists, and advisors for the government and the over 500 banks with CPP warrants outstanding