This paper establishes a new fact about immigration policies: legalization has long-term effects on formal employment of undocumented immigrants and their assimilation. We exploit the broad amnesty enacted in Italy in 2002 together with rich survey data collected in 2011 on a representative...

We study the extent and consequences of biases against immigrants exhibited by high school teachers in Finland. Compared to native students, immigrant students receive 0.06 standard deviation units lower scores from teachers than from blind graders. This effect is almost entirely driven by...

pt. 1. Glass ceilings, floors, and walls. -- Restraints on advancement -- Glass ceilings and floors: the court cases -- Prices of motherhood: stereotyping, work/life issues, and opting out -- In a different register: women in the governance model -- Bully broads, iron maidens, queen bees, and...