This paper studies the role of bank notes issued by the private Enskilda banks in the expansion of the Swedish monetary stock under the classic specie standard maintained during the period 1834-1913. The use of balance sheets has made possible the estimation of more accurate and continuous...

Unlike Knut Wicksell, Eli Heckscher did not believe the time had arrived for “managed money” to replace the gold standard after World War I. The war had shown that only a gold standard could bind the central bank to a time-consistent policy with reasonable price stability. Heckscher likened...

While the pre-1914 mass migrations have been widely studied, the related pattern of emigrants' remittances is still largely untouched. This paper aims at filling this gap by analyzing the contribution of remittances to financial stability. In the optimum currency area theory labor mobility can...