This paper considers the extent that judicial decisions are dependent on which judge(s) hears the case and whether any variation in decision making can be attributable to factors associated with the judge(s). This paper addresses these questions, using multi-level modelling, by a statistical...

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) movement and Fair Trade systems have grown in the past decade, reflecting a belief that corporations operating at a global level must voluntarily assume the role of raising production and trade standards and that consumers should play a role in...

This article examines whether trust or fiduciary law provides potential ‘stolen wages’ plaintiffs with a strong basis for a claim over money in bank accounts that previous governments held on the plaintiffs’ behalf. It also considers the broader issue of whether governments owed a...

Across the country at work each day, many people are subjected to the dangerous and potentially deadly fumes of secondhand tobacco smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified secondhand tobacco smoke in the most hazardous group of carcinogens, and some studies have shown...

When the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, its main focus was on creating a single market where free movement of goods, persons, services and capital could be ensured. It therefore regarded labour above all as a factor of production in respect of which the principle of free movement was to...

This speech discusses how the absurdity came to pass where college football has become a multibillion dollar business, yet a majority of college football players live below the poverty line. This speech also discusses how antitrust litigation against the National Collegiate Athletic Association...

When employees sign employment agreements, they are most likely not concerned about a mandatory arbitration provision forbidding them from engaging in class or collective actions. The United States Supreme Court has shown a strong preference for enforcing arbitration agreements, even when they...

This Article analyzes whether an NFL player who protests during the national anthem has any legal recourse if he is fired—or not hired—as a result of his political protests. Part I of this Article describes the history of NFL players engaging in political protests during the national anthem....

The problem of "creeping legalism," or incremental formalism, in grievance arbitration cases has been a continuing refrain in legal literature; however, until now empirical research concerning this problem has been scant. This study provides the most comprehensive and thorough analysis to date...

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has expanded public surveillance measures in an attempt to combat the spread of the virus. As the pandemic wears on, racialized communities and other marginalized groups are disproportionately affected by this increased level of...