The paper is concerned with instructions as a way of setting premises for subsequent decisions in models of teams à la … Marschak-Radner, under information diversification. The paper suggests that instructions can bridge people's differences in … knowledge: they do not require mutual understanding between the sender and the receiver as other forms of communication do. In …

The paper is concerned with instructions as a way of setting premises for subsequent decisions in models of teams à la … Marschak-Radner, under information diversification. The paper suggests that instructions can bridge people's differences in … knowledge: they do not require mutual understanding between the sender and the receiver as other forms of communication do. In …

: hierarchy is justified for coordination of continuous change, rather than for the direction of static production. Hierarchy is …

This paper describes how entrepreneurial firms can use superior architectural knowledge to open up a technical system …

rationalize the role of ER within a knowledge-based model of hierarchies, where the firm's choice of hierarchical layers depends … on the trade-off between communication and knowledge acquisition costs. Using a sample of more than 20000 private …-sector workplaces in 32 countries, we document conditional correlations between ER and the depth of hierarchy that are consistent with …

rationalize the role of ER within a knowledge-based model of hierarchies, where the firm's choice of hierarchical layers depends … on the trade-off between communication and knowledge acquisition costs. Using a sample of more than 20000 private …-sector workplaces in 32 countries, we document conditional correlations between ER and the depth of hierarchy that are consistent with …

We analyze the optimal decision-making hierarchy in an organization when decision-makers of limited liability have … preferences conflicting with the organization's objective and exert externalities on their counterparts. In a horizontal hierarchy …, every decision is made by a different agent. In a vertical hierarchy, one agent is in charge of all decisions. Only this …

between two organizational designs: a traditional hierarchy where she retains authority over the choice of projects to be …