Many people now fear crime in Japan, which has had the image of being a safe country, because the crime rate has increased dramatically and the rate of crime detection has decreased at the same time. As demand for low-crime residential areas becomes stronger, low-crime rates may affect land...

This paper examines a multi-agent moral hazard model in which agents have expectation-based reference-dependent preferences `a la K˝oszegi and Rabin (2006, 2007). The agents’ utilities depend not only on their realized outcomes but also on the comparisons of their realized outcomes with their...

This paper theoretically examines whether an individual transferable quotas (ITQs) regime can achieve the long-run efficiency through the reduction of vessel numbers. Assuming the existence of two types of vessels in terms of their scales, we consider not only quota transactions but also the...

This paper examines how pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension reform from a defined-benefit scheme to a defined-contribution scheme affects economic growth in an overlapping generations model with endogenous growth. We show that in economies in which the old-age dependency ratio is relatively high and...

We consider cannibalization in a duopoly model in which …rms with di¤erent costs supply two vertically di¤erentiated products in the same market. We …nd that an increase in the di¤erence in quality between the two goods or a decrease in the marginal cost of the high-quality goods leads to...

By focusing on the constructive and combative spillover effects of the firms’ investment in research and development (R&D), we develop a horizontally differentiated duopoly model in which R&D investment used to improve product quality influences consumer preferences and the choice of...

This paper presents consideration of how a subsidy for the elderly care services should be financed in terms of income growth and social welfare. An increase in the tax burden for older people and firm with a decrease in the tax burden for young people can raise the income growth rate. However,...

This paper discusses how to deal with low-valued recyclable residual wastes whose reprocessing itself does not pay financially. While such a recycling activity can potentially improve the social welfare if the environmental costs associated with its disposal are sufficiently significant,...

We develop a political economy model of growth to examine economic development led by the interactions between an economic decision concerning a firm’s production technology (CRS vs IRS technology) and a political decision concerning public infrastructures. We show that multiple equilibrium...

The Henry George Theorem, which is originally established in a static model, asserts that the cost of public good provision should be equal to the total revenue of the land rent to achieve the optimal size of population of each region. This paper examines this theorem in a dynamic framework of...