This paper, in a two-country duopoly model, compares destination- and origin-based commodity taxes in a context of a unilateral tariff-tax reform that fixes the world price and foreign welfare. We find that the proposed reform reduces domestic welfare, and hence is strictly Pareto-deteriorating...

We investigate the relationship between the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and welfare. First, we discuss the model wherein m leaders and N - m followers compete. Daughety (1990) finds that under linear demand and constant marginal cost, the Stackelberg model yields larger welfare and HHI than...

This paper studies the implications of different fiscal regimes (i.e. centralized vs decentralized) for economic growth and welfare by incorporating Wilson (2005)-type fiscal competition model into a Barro (1990)-type endogenous growth model. We show that fiscal decentralization is more...

This paper explores how the determinants of new-firm duration vary according to exit route: bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation, or merger. Using a sample of new firms in Japan, we provide evidence that the effects of entrepreneur-, firm-, and industry-specific characteristics on new-firm duration...

In this paper, we develop a simple dynamic optimization model of a central bank, in which the bank’s profit affects its balance sheet. The model derives the transversality condition that is necessary for a central bank to be sustainable and to conduct an optimal monetary policy. In this sense,...

This paper examines the effects of industrial concentration on employee compensation including fringe benefits, using data of Japanese manufacturing industry. The primary findings are; (1) concentration has a positive and significant effect on direct wages and on total compensation, but is not...

The recent efforts of leading industrialized countries to reduce barriers on international transactions have been biased to trade in goods and capital and against labor migration. This paper examines the rationality of such an asymmetry in the liberalization policies by making a welfare...

This paper discusses the timing and the optimal trade policy in the presence of oligopolisitic industries and free entry. Collie (1994) proved that an importing government should not commit a countervailing duty in response to a foreign export subsidy. We show that his main conclusion does not...

The present paper has attempted to examine determinants of small business(SMEs) presence in Japanese and UK manufacturing industries, using a cross-industry model. The results suggest that market structure elements have a definite influence on SMEs' share. This conclusion is consistent with the...

The paper presents the findings from a questionnaire sent to senior corporate staff members. Some major features of the R&D strategy-makings among Japanese large firms are summarized as follows: (1) Japanese large firms undertake R&D activity, relatively independently of capital market...