It is common to use historical data in calculating the rates of return of risky options, and these data are used to calculate the mean and the variance, which are employed in the (MV) preference ranking. In this paper we study the effect of possible sampling error on the portfolio ranking. It is...

Mixing the risky asset with the riskless asset. Levy and Kroll have developed stochastic dominance rules with borrowing and lending (SDR). These rules can be easily applied to discrete distributions (e.g., ex-post data). However, an infinite number of comparisons is involved when the...