Education is among the most prominent of the great challenges of development. This paper outlines thelikely effects of the AIDS pandemic in Africa on the continent's ability to produce education and use iteffectively for growth and poverty reduction. Four channels are explored. First, a supply...

Levels and changes in the value of exports and imports divided by aggregate GDP (the trade/GDP ratio) are occasionally used as measures of trade openness. The oft-quoted work of Dollar and Kraay (2001) and the World Bank (2002) uses changes in the trade/GDP as a basis for classifying countries...

The authors analyze the Washington Consensus, which at its original formulation reflected views not only from Washington, but also from Latin America. Tracing the life of the Consensus from a Latin American perspective in terms of evolving economic development paradigms, they document the...