The paper examines the cross-country relations between nominal money and real output between 1990 and 2000. Both high money growth rates and declines in money are connected with below-average output growth rates. The association between the monetary base and real output is weaker than between M1...

This is the second chapter of a forthcoming monograph entitled "On Implementing Full-Fledged Inflation-Targeting Regimes: Saying What You Do and Doing What You Say." We begin by discussing the costs of inflation, including their role in generating boom-bust cycles. Following a general discussion...

Long-term investors face a common problem-how to maintain the purchasing power of their assets over time and achieve a level of real returns consistent with their investment objectives. While inflation-linked bonds and derivatives have been developed to hedge the effects of inflation, their...

The paper examines money-output and price-output relations in developed countries between 1980 and 2005. We observe that declines in the nominal monetary base are connected with a moderately below-average behaviour of the real output. The same result applies for small positive growth rates of...

One of the most challenging areas relating to the European Monetary Union (EMU) enlargement is the question of new member countries’ vulnerability to exogenous shocks related to euro adoption. Even if well prepared, and also considering the business cycles of the EMU candidate countries became...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically compare and contrast the effect of the nature of the political regime vs the political instability (PI) on real output in a group of countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) during the period 1980-2011. This part of the world has...

The annual structure of real output in the G7 countries is investigated in this article by means of fractional integration techniques. However, instead of using the classical ARMA specifications for describing the short-run components of the series, we use an approach due to Bloomfield (1973)....

The text is analyzing the requirements of the institutional reconstruction for the running of the macroeconomic system. A number of concepts concerning the macroeconomic structure, the social validation, structural economy, output and input within the macroeconomic process, the effect of the...

This Occasional Paper provides an overview of the main challenges facing Hong Kong SAR as it continues to become more closely integrated with the mainland of China. Section I provides an overview of recent macroeconomic developments and the main policy issues in Hong Kong SAR. Section II...