We document significant reductions in corporate payouts-both dividends and (to a larger extent) share repurchases-during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. Payout reductions are more likely in firms with higher leverage, more valuable growth options, and lower cash balances, i.e., those more...

An enduring puzzle is why credit rating agencies (CRAs) use a few categories to describe credit qualities lying in a continuum, even when ratings coarseness reduces welfare. We model a cheap-talk game in which a CRA assigns positive weights to the divergent goals of issuing firms and investors....

This study aims to determine the influence of the industry group business on international acquisition diversification with private ownership and strategic asset seeking as moderating variables. Using resource-based and institutional theory, this study hypothesizes that the industry group...

The international development debate is increasingly referring to the notion of the "social contract" - often, however, without a clear definition of the term and its implications. We therefore make a suggestion for measuring at least some elements of social contracts in order to make it easier...

Green financial policies play an important role in acceleration of China's green transformation. Existing associated studies mainly focus on the qualitative analysis and descriptive analysis. However, it still lacks empirical studies. To explore the relationship between green finance policies...