This paper presents the basics of the Transaction cost theory (TCT) and shows it's contribution to the Theory of the firm by the view of the new institutional economics. In the first part, author presents resources and presumptions of the TCT mainly by O. E. Williamson. The theory is based on...

The phenomenon of academic spin-offs (ASOs) has been widely studied in recent times. Scholars have mainly concentrated on identifying the factors that favours the phenomenon and the incentive alignments of the parties involved in the process. These works tend to remain static in nature by solely...

The concept of a learning curve for individuals has been around since the beginning of the twentieth century. The idea that an analogous phenomenon might also apply at the level of the organization took longer to emerge, but it had begun to figure prominently in military procurement and...

Attempt is made to indentify the major issues of knowledge-based economy, which are facing SMEs in Pakistan. Literature review: literature review reveals that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are playing very important role in the development of economy in Pakistan. Despite of the important...

This paper models the organization of the firm as a type of artificial neural network in a duopoly setting. The firm plays a repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma type game, and must also learn to map environmental signals to demand parameters and to its rival’s willingness to cooperate. We study the...

We study the dynamics of firm size in a repeated Cournot game with unkown demand function.We model the firm as a type of artificial neural network. Each period it must learn to map environmental signals to both demand parameters and its rival’s output choice. But this learning game is in the...

Para lograr la competitividad de cualquier economía de nuestros días es necesario el co¬nocimiento científico y tecnológico producido en las universidades y en las empresas. Sin embargo, por sus características implícitas, las empresas no siempre están dispuestas a hacer inversiones...