This paper focuses on Albania’s Fourth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), Request for a Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion, and Financing Assurances Review. Performance since the third review has been satisfactory...

This paper reviews Albania’s 2004 Article IV Consultation, Fifth Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), Request for Extension of the Arrangement, and Financing Assurances Review. The macroeconomic performance of the Albanian economy has been remarkable by both...

Three years of broad-based economic recovery in Kenya brought GDP growth to nearly 6 percent in 2005/06, its highest in two decades. This 2006 Article IV Consultation focuses on how to sustain Kenya’s recent strong economic growth. It argues that this would require accelerating structural...

This paper presents a decision point document for Togo’s Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries. Economic performance has been improving although the country has been strongly affected by the recent surge in food and fuel prices as well as heavy flooding during the...

The Houthakker-Magee effect implies that a country facing unfavorable income elasticities in trade must either grow at a slower rate than its trading partners or experience a trend worsening of its current account and/or depreciation of its real exchange rate. Krugman (1989) first documented the...