Purpose – This paper aims to present an exploration of recent work in complexity theory to explain why and how …/methodology/approach – The main method applied is critical thinking combined with a review of selected aspects of complexity theory and a general … derived. Promoting variation is examined as one way to make policies more resilient in a complex system. Findings – Complexity …

/methodology/approach This study offers new methodological approaches – the development of a complexity metric and system innovation mode – to … analyze how the complexities relate to the systemic nature of innovation. The complexity metric and system innovation model … highest complexity level suggests a multinational and intergovernmental collaboration to achieve economies of scale and …

Purpose – This paper aims to unfold the path of how the complexity of culture issues leads to a rising pressure for … complexity of culture studies is extended to three tendencies for potential paradigmatic change, with implications discussed to …