Ways of improving the efficiency of Monte-Carlo (MC) techniques are studied for dynamic models. Such models cause the conventinal Antithetic Variate (AV) technique to fail, and will be proved to reduce the benefit from using Control Variates with nearly non-stationary series. This paper suggest...

The limiting marginal density of efficient estimators of bivariate cointegration vectors is derived in closed form. The formula is exact, and it consists of highly efficient convergent expansion. It is used to plot the density. Furthermore, it is manipulated analytically to reveal features that...

Hypergeometric functions are a generalization of exponential functions. They are explicit, computable functions that can also be manipulated analytically. The functions and series we use in quantitative economics are all special cases of them. In this paper, a unified approach to hypergeometic...

Two or more variables are said to be cointegrated when they move closely togather over time, after proper scaling. Cointegration was taken to be the statistical expression of the notion of equilibrium in economics. But is it still possible to talk of cointegration when "disequilibrium" economics...

We provide a methodology to disentangle the long-run relation between variables from their own dynamics. Macroeconomic and aggregate financial series have a high degree of inertia. If this persistence is not properly accounted for, spurious correlations will give rise to paradoxes. Our procedure...

This paper studies what happens when we move from a short regression to a long regression (or vice versa), when the long regression is shorter than the data-generation process. In the special case where the long regression equals the data-generation process, the least-squares estimators have...

The weighted-average least squares (WALS) approach, introduced by Magnus et al. (2010) in the context of Gaussian linear models, has been shown to enjoy important advantages over other strictly Bayesian and strictly frequentist model averaging estimators when accounting for problems of...

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the WALS estimator, a model-averaging estimator with attractive finite-sample and computational properties. WALS is closely related to the normal location model, and hence much of the paper concerns the asymptotic behavior of the estimator of the unknown...

This papers offers a theoretical explanation for the stylized fact that forecast combinations with estimated optimal weights often perform poorly in applications. The properties of the forecast combination are typically derived under the assumption that the weights are fixed, while in practice...

This paper develops a dynamic model consisting of two regions (North and South), in which the accumulation of human capital is negatively influenced by the global stock of pollution. By characterizing the equilibrium strategy of each region, we show that the regions' best responses can be...