across education: The social norm lowers fertility for highly educated women but increases it for the less educated. Pro … marriage rates in the world, but the lowest total fertility; they have the lowest total fertility, but almost all married women … sufficiently boost fertility for highly educated women. On the other hand, the social stigma has negligible effects on marriage and …

One-third of married women are sterilized in India. This is largely due to family planning programs that put a strong … effects on women's wellbeing. We analyse the consequences of sterilization on maternal health. To do so, we take advantage of … son preference and women are more likely to be sterilized when their first-born is male. Second, Indian households face …

empowerment of women in host communities. We find positive effects of distant attacks on the economic well-being of women, their … show an increase in the risk that women experience domestic violence. We then examine forced displacement as a channel and …

show, using data from a purposefully designed nationally representative survey for Bangladesh, that among women of … childbearing age, son bias in stated fertility preferences has weakened and there is an emerging preference for gender balance. We … employment in the manufacturing sector, increased female education, and the decline of joint family living. Using survival …