classroom characteristics in the value-added model is sufficient to eliminate potential bias resulting from the sorting of … deviation of classroom achievement—may reduce bias for middle school math teachers, whereas track indicators help for high …

This papers studies and compares the asymptotic bias of GMM and generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimators in … offers much reduced mean and median bias, root mean squared error and mean absolute error, as compared with two-step GMM and … other GEL methods. Both analytical and bootstrap bias-adjusted two-step GMM estima-tors are compared. Analytical bias …