The global positioning system (GPS) is widely used for determining the three-dimensional position of points on earth surface. In the last few years, its use has also been increasingly employed for obtaining vertical geometric coordinates, which associated with the orthometrical altitude of the...

This Paper examines the extent of groundwater dependency and quality status in Hubli, Dharwad, Belgaum and Kolar cities in the context of National Water Policy Household survey indicated dependency of 30, 51, 37 and 100 percent while the quality analysis indicated 45, 42 and 97 percent as...

This paper presents an exercise in the definition of cities from clear and explicit quantitative criteria. The city concept is linked to the local political level, so in this sense we can talk about “administrative cities”, since they are formed by one municipality, or a group of them that...

Studies of the return to education in urban China have reported that this has increased over time, and that females typically have a higher return than males. In this paper we adopt a framework provided by the over education/required education/under education literature, and the decomposition...

As we hypothesize, the selection of observation units may become a critical consideration for an empirical investigation of Gibrat’s Law, according to which the growth of cities is expected to be independent of their sizes. In order to verify this hypothesis, we investigate whether the...

Population growth, an unfinished agenda of communicable diseases and maternal health and nutrition, and the rapid rise of Non-communicable diseases are putting increasing strain on not just the Ministry of Health budget, but also the broader financial position of the government as a whole. These...

Indonesia launched Jampersal in 2011, a nationwide program to accelerate the reduction of maternal and newborn deaths. The program was financed by central government revenues and provided free and comprehensive maternal and neonatal care with an emphasis on promoting institutional deliveries....

This study presents two case studies, each on a current initiative of contracting for primary health services in Brazil, one for the state of Bahia, the other for the city of Rio de Janeiro. The two initiatives are not linked and their implementation has independently sprung from a search for...

Indonesia launched the national health insurance program - Jaminan Kesehatan National (JKN), on January 1, 2014, and aims to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by 2019. Achieving UHC means not only increasing the number of people covered but also expanding the benefits package and ensuring...