landlord or entity. As is the case in Indonesia, many MDUs around the world enter into exclusive arrangements with a single …

Unlike in developed countries, the liberalization process in Indonesia began at a time when telecommunication … infrastructure was minimal and teledensity was below 2%. The main aim of liberalization and sector reform is consequently to increase … teledensity. However, the results of liberalization have not yet been envisaged. A decade after the introduction of liberalization …

privatisation) in both competitive and non-competitive industries in the past two decades. Turning to network industries, it then …-neutral charges for accessing the fixed networks of incumbents; ii) the pros and cons of structural measures such as privatisation … sectoriels des réformes (privatisation y compris) dans des industries concurrentielles et non compétitives au cours des deux …

Successful network utility privatisation requires incentive-based regulation that allows investment to be adequately … consumer prices for telecoms, gas and electricity fell in the UK, overcoming most opposition to privatisation …

Privatisation of utilities is about ownership rather than control. Liberalisation can induce greather improvements in … performance than privatisation alone. Regulation id inevitably inefficient, and adequately competitive network services may … improve efficiency. History indicates that regulated vertical integration is durable so that liberalisation may be hard to …