This article proposes a model to characterize national innovation systems, and applies it to four outstanding countries … innovation development; and policies that foster, finance and control innovation at the national level. We identify similarities …

impact on the U.S. innovation system, catalyzing technology clusters around the country with accompanying increases in high …. In the aggregate, wartime R&D permanently changed the trajectory of U.S. innovation in the direction of funded …

Finland and the Netherlands. By estimating models on data from Community Innovation Surveys, we find for the Netherlands that … can be expected a priori. In Finland this negative bias is not present due to Finnish innovation policies in which R …

national system(s) of innovation can be observed in these cases, it is a ‘living’ laboratory where evolving institutions … in the economics of innovation and a fairly descriptive approach. The underlying question is whether it is possible to … innovation as theoretical foundations for S&T policy are briefly outlined in section 2. Then section 3 describes the legacy of …

While the effects of public R&D funding on innovation inputs, outputs and strategies of firms have been studied … extensively, little is known about the impact public R&D funding may have on open innovation practices. We made several hypotheses … about different effects of public subsidies from the open innovation point of view and then tested these hypotheses with …

innovation, in terms of invented or improved products or processes, are found to be the main drivers for interaction. As regards … the nature of the innovation process leading to innovation, most respondents indicate that “indirect” relationships … between collaboration outcomes and successful innovation dominate over “direct” appropriation of results. Contrasting open …

The paper focuses on the role of Science Parks (SPs) as seedbeds of innovation. It investigates whether and to what … proposed relies on count data models, uses patents as innovation performance indicators, and exploits original data regarding … controlling for the existence of innovation lags. Parks' first mover disadvantages also emerge, as well as non-negligible matching …

ultimately affect innovation and productivity in Uruguayan service firms compared to manufacturing firms. The results show that …-technological (e.g., organizational or marketing) innovations. ICT and other innovation investments are positively associated with …