social norm of high cooperation. This norm appears to guide subjects' cooperation and punishment choices, including the … that avoid these costs and whether other, more centralized, punishment systems are superior and will be preferred by the … people. Here, we show that efficient peer sanctioning without much need for costly punishment emerges quickly if we introduce …

pressure can increase rates of punishment. We discuss our results with respect to findings in the lab on cognitive models of … dual-processing and the origins of human cooperation. …

This paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate … emotions could decrease the use of punishments while keeping welfare high, possibly depending on pre-existing levels of … net earnings and self-reported emotions compared to a control condition (Natural). Although the interaction between the …

welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate … emotions could decrease the use of punishments while keeping welfare high, possibly depending on pre-existing levels of … net earnings and self-reported emotions compared to a control condition (natural). Although the interaction between the …

Until recently, theorists considering the evolution of human cooperation have paid little attention to institutional … punishment, a defining feature of large-scale human societies. Compared to individually-administered punishment, institutional … punishment offers a unique potential advantage: the ability to control how quickly legal rules of punishment evolve relative to …

irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free … riders, who are unable to cooperate without punishment. We also predict that the difference in the demand for punishment is … cooperative groups to avoid wasting resources for an unneeded punishment institution. In uncooperative groups, it helps members to …

irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free … riders, who are unable to cooperate without punishment. We also predict that the difference in the demand for punishment is … cooperative groups to avoid wasting resources for an unneeded punishment institution. In uncooperative groups, it helps members to …

hierarchy - the caste system - affects individuals' willingness to punish violations of a cooperation norm. Although we control …