The marginal efficiency costs of different taxes is analyzed in three models with endogenous growth, and the values are compared with those found in standard models. The models analyze how taxes af- fect (i) the trade-off between human capital accumulation and leisure, (ii) the intertemporal...

Global environmental concerns have increased the sensitivity of governments and other parties to the actions of those outside their national jurisdiction. Parties have tried to extend influence extraterritorially both by promising to reward desired behavior and by threatening to punish undesired...

The purpose of this paper is to document and trace the causes of the poor and declining revenue performance of the income tax in India and to suggest measures for improvement based on a review of international experience. The paper starts by reviewing evidence that the performance of the income...

Sanctions are measures that one party (the sender) takes to influence the actions of another (the target). Sanctions, or the threat of sanctions, have been used, for example, by creditors to get a foreign sovereign to repay debt, or by one government to influence the human rights, trade, or...

How important are neighborhood endowments of physical and human capital in explaining diverging fortunes over time for otherwise identical households? To answer this question we develop an estimable micro model of consumption growth allowing for constraints on factor mobility and externalities,...

We use Japanese prefectural wage and land price data to estimate the magnitude of agglomeration effects in manufacturing and finance. We also examine the range of agglomeration effects by estimating the extent to which they diminish with distance, using a specification that encompasses the polar...

We review the literature on sovereign debt. We organize our survey around three central questions: (1) Why do sovereign debtors ever repay their debts? (2) What burdens, in the form of distortions and inefficiencies, does sovereign debt impose? and (3) How might debt be restructured to reduce...