The financing of infrastructures is a major topic in recent energy policy debates. Project finance, as a specialized form of debt finance, thereby has become a well-established financing tool. This paper contributes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the determinants of the debt ratio in...

Potable water supply in Germany is highly fragmented. A consolidation of the industry could, therefore, lead to lower cost of water supply and price savings for the customers. In this paper we estimate a total cost function for potable water supply based on a unique sample of German water...

This paper provides a summary on recent developments in the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry and discusses prospects for capacity development in the mid-term future. During the early years of the industry, most of the world's LNG export infrastructure remained under state control and...

Potable water supply in Germany is highly fragmented. A consolidation of the industry could, therefore, lead to lower cost of water supply and price savings for the customers. In this paper we estimate a total cost function for potable water supply based on a unique sample of German water...

The recent proposals for the acquisition of Endesa by Gas Natural and E.On has raised a considerable debate. One of the interesting issues under discussion is whether the resulting entity will be too large for the market or not, in terms of its potential exercise of market power and, in this...

Around the turn of the century, the gas market in the Netherlands underwent a drastic shift in governance. Although the gas value chain was initially designed as a natural monopoly, it was dismantled by introducing competition on the basis of two European Union (EU) Directives that allowed third...

The efficient operation of sewerage services is impacted by various factors such as geographic and topographical conditions, diversity of vertical and horizontal organizational structure, ownership types, and level of public–private partnership. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport...

This paper discusses the rising profile of natural gas in global energy, factors constraining its further development, the gas contracting process, and the absence of a global market, which is analyzed in the context of the economic rent in the gas price and the opaque nature of gas contracts. A...

The efficient operation of sewerage services is impacted by various factors such as geographical and topographical conditions, diversity of vertical and horizontal organizational structure, ownership types, and level of public-private partnership. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport...