people punish norm violators indiscriminately explains punishment best. We also show that social reciprocity can evolve in a … seemingly incredible threat of punishment to deter free riding. Three theories have evolved to explain punishment. We survey …

personal cost, for the violation of a widely-held norm (for example, don’t free ride). Social reciprocity differs from … reciprocity because social reciprocators punish all norm violators, regardless of group affiliation or whether or not the punisher … survey results, we run a public goods experiment that allows players to punish each other. The experiment confirms the …

interest of economists in norms, the literature on third party punishment is surprisingly thin, however. In this paper, we … report on the results of an experiment designed to evaluate two distinct explanations for this phenomenon, indignation and …

interest of economists in norms, the literature on third party punishment is surprisingly thin, however. In this paper, we … report on the results of an experiment designed to evaluate two distinct explanations for this phenomenon, indignation and …

This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide … punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels … because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment …

This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide … punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels … because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment …

The sanctioning of norm-violating behavior by an effective formal authority is an efficient solution for social … dilemmas. It is in the self-interest of voters and is often favorably contrasted with letting citizens take punishment into …

The sanctioning of norm-violating behavior by an effective formal authority is an efficient solution for social … dilemmas. It is in the self-interest of voters and is often favorably contrasted with letting citizens take punishment into …

This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide … punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels … because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment …

occurring. We design a public goods experiment, where we allow for both punishment and counter-punishment. We find that in both … between members of a group. However, often we can not allow for punishment and exclude the possibility of counter-punishment … threat of counter-punishment. Participants squander their endowment in costly confrontations leading to a relative payoff …