A methodology is proposed to evaluate which components of the culture medium limit the growth of mammalian cells during the culture. It is based on a kinetic model that describes the hybridoma growth decreasing and death enhancing effects of glucose, amino-acids, serum and oxygen depletion, on...

A fully integrated planning tool capable of undertaking an initial grid connection assessment for prospective renewable energy generators (REG) has been developed to support the Scottish Executive achieve their targets for renewable energy utilisation, and to assist the Scottish electric utility...

Our objective in this paper is to assess how middle-income groups are faring with the global turn to the market. We suggest some simple measures of the middle-the size and income shares of households around the median (75/125%)-and their income status relative to wealthier counterparts. Our...

To date the literature on subjective well-being has focused on the developed economies. We provide empirical evidence from two emerging market countries, Peru and Russia. Our results - and in particular a strong negative skew in the assessments of the respondents with the greatest income gains -...