While there is typically a strong correlation between air traffic and economic growth, the direction of causation between the two is not clear. To address the existence of causality in this paper we consider the nature of this relationship in different types of regions. The empirical analysis...

The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed in terms of the causal effect of moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent of the labour force was unemployed and the unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline in 1994-1996. Over half of those who were...

This paper deals with the transitions and alternation between self-employment, paid-employment and non-employment in Finland in 1987-1999, paying special attention to differences in self-employment dynamics between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, viz. rural and urban...

Workforce is aging in most developed countries, but still needed in productive work. Entrepreneurship at older ages is an option for many aging individuals. As existing and future generations are healthier and more able to work than previous generations, working careers can, and also have been...