Social security is by definition a combination of public and private responsibilities. The result is a mixture of public and private legal systems and instruments, aiming to serve certain public interests. The mixture of both private instruments is expected to provide more efficient, tailor-made...

This study analyses the situation of the Brazilian population vis-a-vis the Social Security System (SSS) using data from PNAD. We chose the 1982, 1992 and 2002 PNAD data to give a series of pictures of the Brazilian population at equal intervals but under different legal instances with respect...

The present paper discusses issues of challenges of social security systems in Sudan. Following parameters advanced by ILO and UNCOSOC, those systems are analyzed. The conclusions focus on their applicability that faces axial difficulties mainly presented in the state of institutional...

This study reviews the African Region of the World Bank's current thinking on cost sharing and the poor as apllied in Sub-Saharan Africa. It inventories country experiences and Bank activities in cost sharing for education and health, reviews African experiences with the implementation of cost...

Different versions of pay-as-you-go public pension programs may have entirely different effects on the intergenerational distribution of income risk. If the pension benefit is a fixed proportion of previous income, a pay-as-you-go program increases the income risk of all generations. On the...

Although many governments in developing countries profess redistributive aims, and although standard efficiency arguments suggests that cash transfers are the best way of accomplishing such aims, direct cash transfers to the poor are rare. In this paper we examine a counter example, the "social...

The changes that are taking place in the structure of the population of many Western countries are likely to require considerable adjustments in their social security programs. A partial shift from pay-as-you-go (PAYG) to funding is one of the solutions frequently considered. This paper, without...

The aim of the present paper is to examine the statistical properties of social expenditures projections with the use of a stochastic model.

An overlapping generations model of social security with labor and capital productivity shocks and demographic shocks is studied.

Returns to Social Security's Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) program vary accross socioeconomic groups because of progressivity in the benefit formula, spousal and widowhood provisions, differential mortality rates, and other factors. This paper computes the rate of return to OASI...