marketplaces. Married women, who typically reduce the time they allocate to work due to their responsibility to take care of their … women who are the owners or managers of MSEs and also the probability of working for them. We employ IV estimates, and use … working hours of married women. In addition, we find that married women in urban areas increase their working hours when they …

analysis, such that a distinction could be made between the situations of women and men employed by these firms. A population …% and 14% for full-time and part-time employees respectively). There are also proportionally more women in the lowest pay … grades and in companies where male staff costs are higher on average than women’s wages, notwithstanding a higher average …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes towards women, as well as … relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six years are 21.5 percentage …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … towards women, as well as household decision-making as potential explanations. We find that small children decrease the … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six …

to the 'early' industrializing countries of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It shows that women are far more … greater equality is rooted in educational opportunities; and argues that both educational provision, and women's entry into …

to the 'early' industrializing countries of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It shows that women are far more … greater equality is rooted in educational opportunities; and argues that both educational provision, and women's entry into … developing economies. -- elites ; higher education ; women ; development ; economic history ; families …

women's employment. We examine how the forces that underlie this observation play out in developing countries, with a … employment: whereas in high-income economies reduced employment in contact-intensive services had a large impact on women, this … sector plays a minor role in low-income countries. Another difference is that women's employment rebounded much more quickly …

Throughout most of history, women as a class have possessed relatively few formal rights. The women of ancient Sparta … were a striking exception. Although they could not vote, Spartan women reportedly owned 40 percent of Sparta's agricultural … marginal products of Spartan men's and Spartan women's labor. To exploit the potential gains from a reallocation of labor …

. This new infras- tructure appears to increase hours of work for men and women, while reducing female wages and increasing … male earnings. Several pieces of evidence suggest that household electrification raises employment by releasing women from …