When development economics emerged as an independent field in the post-1945 years, the answer to the question what the makings of development are was rather simple: Development equals GNP growth. On following current discussions in politics and business but also in much of academia, one suspects...

Sciences Po develops an interdisciplinary research program for the evaluation of public policies (in French: Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques, LIEPP), based on four founding units: Department of Economics, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations, Centre...

This article looks at the history of Portugal's first Republic in the first decade of the 20th century. Macau was a very conservative society where the orientations of the colonial authorities in Lisbon were not welcome if they appeared to change the local balance of power that favoured the...

Banks matter for economic growth, for poverty alleviation, for income distribution and for human welfare as a whole. And banks matter when they fail. According to Ross Levine (2005), the fiscal costs of banking crises in developing countries since 1980 have exceeded $1 trillion, and some...

It is widely believed that securitisation offers tremendous opportunities, and significant benefits, in our country — to issuers and investors, and, from a broader social and Economic perspective, to the citizens and business organizations. Despite its potential, and notwithstanding recent...

Water pollution is a chronic crisis in Sudan that is rarely researched. However, it is combined with scarcity, disputes and uncertainty. In the current paper we introduce its concepts with emphasis on the growing problems of pollution combined with scarcity. A Case study of the growing problem...

An application of the Stokes' theorem is illustrated by solving the two state problem, with inequality constraints, of Dobell and Ho concerning the optimal investment of resources. Whenever applicable, the Stokes' theorem approach seems to be elegant and parsimonious

This article asks whether tax planning advice can ever be effectively regulated by the IRS. The article first explores whether tax advice differs in kind from other forms of legal advice. Secondly, it looks at the clear regulatory distinction between the treatment of return preparation advice...

The business school business has grown rapidly over recent decades and is now firmly embedded in the top tier recruitment process. But business schools are still unsure of why they teach what gets taught. The curriculum drives the business school's design, and vice versa. Both are fairly...