EU Eastern enlargement has brought trade creation, growth and shifts in trading patterns in the context of opening up … most important factors driving comparative advantages in trade. However, their impact and significance depends to a great …

The theoretical literature on trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) indicates that they could be either substitutes … trade and FDI exhibit a complementary relationship. In this paper, we employ a multi-region, multisectoral computable … general equilibrium (CGE) model that incorporates FDI to evaluate the impact of APEC trade and investment liberalization on …

that there has so far been a moderate increase in actual protectionist measures to restrict trade through tariff and non … since the mid-2000s, and has possibly intensified since the start of the financial crisis. However, no World Trade … Organization (WTO) member has retreated into widespread trade restrictions or protectionism to date. Our model-based simulations …

The current level of trade and investment flows between the EU and Indonesia, ASEAN’s largest economy, does not …

-regional trade in the world and therefore it is claimed that the region is poorly integrated. Yet, with the steady .ow of workers … integration benchmark which consists of the steady state production equilibrium characterized by free trade and perfect factor … the world (EU, Latin America and Middle East). We find that, despite large differences in trade patterns, measures of …

-regional trade in the world and therefore it is claimed that the region is poorly integrated. Yet, with the steady flow of workers … integration benchmark which consists of the steady state production equilibrium characterized by free trade and perfect factor … the world (EU, Latin America and Middle East). We find that, despite large differences in trade patterns, measures of …

comparison regarding the extent of E.U economic integration. Yet, with low trade barriers and with productive factors at least …

if EU enlargement has had any diversion effects on trade between the EU and Russia at all, they have been minimal, while … robust growth in both the EU and Russia, as well as high oil and gas prices, has boosted trade. Likewise, FDI to and from …