have larger impacts on women, older workers, and workers with lower earnings or with less stable employment histories. …

process and the importance of promotions in the relative labor market outcomes of young men and women in their early careers …. Specifically, how do the factors related to promotion differ for men and women? How do gender differences in promotion translate … women. The results indicate that women are less likely to be promoted. This gender gap in promotions - the magnitude of …

Women without work after childbirth are at risk of losing their connection to the labor market. However, they may … participate in adult education programs. We analyze the effect of this on the duration to work and on the wage rate, by applying … population. The Swedish adult education program is unprecedented in its size, and enrollment is universally available at …

duration of residence, the higher the level of education, and for immigrants not from Asia. Large positive correlations in the …

-Under-Required education approach to occupations, a new decomposition technique developed especially for this approach, and data from the 2000 …" (occupational norm) level of education, but experience a smaller negative effect of years of undereducation, and to a lesser extent …