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market during 1965-1989.We found that retail price subsidies, which rose from 4% of state budget expenditure in 1965 to 20 …% in the late 1980s, intensified consumer market disequilibrium.The provision of these subsidies had negative effects on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012148407
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Despite recording double digit growth since 2000, Armenia's tax-to-GDP ratio has been fairly stable at about 14½ percent. This paper catalogues a range of factors that may account for Armenia's stubbornly for tax collection by benchmarking Armenia's tax-to-GDP against some comparator...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005263986
in indirect taxes,adjusting the exchange rate and sliding down of subsidies, on employment, income distribution, per … increased unemployment and inflation. The fourth policy instrument of shrink in subsidies augmented the unemployment, unequal …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009372518
This paper discusses two ways of evaluating the quasi-fiscal deficit (QFD) and the link between them. It also suggests how to properly account for the QFD when calculating the overall deficit of the public sector. Finally, using an example of the energy market, it shows how to untangle a web of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005768858
This paper analyzes past fiscal consolidation plans and their outcomes in France. It covers the early attempts at fiscal consolidation in the 1970s and the 1980s (Plan Barre and Virage de la Rigueur), the first episode of medium-term fiscal consolidation in 1994-97 ahead of joining the European...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009019566
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