I investigate the problem of delegating an investment effort when it is not known in advance which firm is most efficient, or whether the investment should be made at all. The motivating problem is that of commissioning R instead of relying on patent incentives. Firms have different private...

The present paper develops and estimates a cost model for U.S. hospitals which enables us to analyze the cost of excess bed capacity. A new estimate is worth making for at least two reasons. First, recent changes in the economic environment in which hospitals operate has caused their utilization...

Within the expected-utility framework, the only explanation for risk aversion is that the utility function for wealth is concave: A person has lower marginal utility for additional wealth when she is wealthy than when she is poor. This paper provides a theorem showing that expected-utility...

In addition to pursuing their material self-interest, people are motivated to help those who are kind to them, and to hurt those who are mean to them. Such social preferences influence behavior most when material stakes are small. Rabin (1993) defin es an outcome reflecting such preferences as...