Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which we require a special theory of foreign direct investment (FDI) for extractive industries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the general theory of FDI using internalising theory and location theory and...

Purpose This paper aims to conduct a theoretical enquiry into the questions as to whether emerging country multinationals’ competitiveness derives from country-specific advantage (CSA) or firm-specific advantages (FSA). The case of China is also examined. Design/methodology/approach CSAs and...

Purpose – Prior research on joint venture (JV) formation often examines a single focal firm and assumes it has a single motive for collaboration. This study seeks to investigate how formation motives of partner firms are symmetrically coupled. It considers motives in the context of different...