This note discusses FX reserves management as practised by emerging market economies and, more specifically, by Saudi Arabia. It shares the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority's experience on reserve adequacy, investment objectives, philosophy and process, portfolio tranching, risk management and...

In the context of recent developments with cryptocurrencies, as well as the potential rise of central bank digital currencies, we present a new visualisation of money. Using three novel figures, we distinguish between the relevant mechanisms, technologies, recordkeeping, and transactions of...

The paper answers three questions.(1) Does it matter if a central bank suffers a large capital loss? (2) Can the central bank become insolvent? (3) When, how and by whom should the central bank be recapitalised?

Romanian Abstract: Această lucrare studiază unele schimbări importante intervenite în politica monetară începând cu sfârşitul secolului trecut. Sunt abordate principalele procese care au cauzat aceste schimbări: dezvoltarea inovaţiilor financiare, liberalizarea pieţelor financiare,...

In this paper we estimate ideal points of Bank Presidents and Board Governors at the FOMC. We use stated preferences from FOMC transcripts and estimate a hierarchical spatial voting model. We find a clear difference between the average Board Governor and Bank President. We find little evidence...

The effectiveness of monetary policy and the political legitimacy of the Federal Reserve depend on monetary policymakers' ability to communicate with the public, which in turn depends in part on the news media. While the finance and economics literature has investigated select aspects of...

This Article compares the development of cross-border solutions for resolving and reorganizing commercial entities to those solutions available for financial institutions. This Article argues that the resolution regime for financial institutions needs to move forward from the existing...

This paper examines the Federal Reserve System's dissemination of information strategy to see how well it has worked and how it can be improved. The System provides information to a broad spectrum of individuals and organizations. The evidence collected, for the first time, shows a high level of...

In a companion paper, “People Not Ratios: Why the Debate over Income Inequality Asks the Wrong Questions,” we argue that many inequality activists have been asking and answering the wrong questions in their quest to help the poor. Instead of analyzing the mathematical ratios between high and...

The vast majority of case law establishes that, in the absence of a specific agreement to the contrary, the deposit of funds into a bank creates a debtor-creditor relationship, pursuant to which depositors are deemed creditors of their respective banks. In effect, depositors loan their deposits...