Following the Brent Spar controversy, the OSPAR countries reached a unanimous agreement in 1998 for the future rules for disposal of petroleum installations. The vast majority of existing offshore installations will be re-used or returned to shore for recycling or disposal. For installations...

Gas exports to the Continent are regulated by long term take-or-pay contracts. The contracts are described and analyzed. We thereafter examine whether the most central European gas market, the German market, is integrated. Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export...

Producers or consumers faced with an increase in taxes are usually able to shift parts of it to other levels in the value chain. We examine who is actually bearing the burden of increased energy taxes in the EU-area - consumers or exporters. Traditional tax incidence theory presumes spot...

Drilling expenses has increased sharply in recent years. The productivity of drilling operations - in terms of meters drilled per day - significantly influences exploration costs. This study analyzes the effect of different types of learning on offshore drilling productivity. The econometric...

Recently, we have seen falling oil prices combined with sticky costs at a high level in thepetroleum industry. This causes project postponements, thus challenging reserve replacement ofoil companies and security of supply for consumers. Costs are particularly high for drilling. Highrig rates are...

Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industryimportant developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modernsuper- and hypermarket distribution channels, and product innovations. In the seafoodcategory consumers are adopting new...