This study investigates whether and when during the life cycle women fall behind in terms of career progression because … establishment as well as in combination with an establishment change. Women with children are 1.6 percentage points less likely … promoted than women without children; this is what we refer to as the family gap in climbing the career. We find that mothers …

We investigate how religious beliefs affected the take up of the birth control pill and impacted women's outcomes using … fertility among minor women, aged 21 or younger, for whom access restrictions were most drastically lifted. We then evaluate how … examining its impact on female fertility control and human capital formation. We find that younger women who grew up in more …

. Training is potentially important in compensating for the effects of children, especially for women who left education after …