In the process of China's foreign exchange reform, the so-called swap market was a key element. Despite the problems it caused, notably those associated with a dual exchange rate, the paper argues that the swap market proved to be a useful transition mechanism for China's foreign exchange...

We study a model in which two carriers choose networks to connect cities and compete for travelling customers. We show that if carriers compete aggressively (e.g., Bertrand-like behavior), one carrier operating a single hub-spoke network is an equilibrium outcome. Competing hub-spoke networks...

In 1922 R. A. Fisher introduced the fixed X regression model, synthesising the regression theory of Pearson and Yule with the least squares theory of Gauss. The innovation was based on Fisher's realisation that the distribution associated with the regression coefficient was unaffected by the...