On September 22, 1994 the EU Council of Ministers gave final approval to directive on European Works Councils under the social poicy protocol. Its coverage has subsequently been extended, by decision of the Joint Commitee of the European Economic Area, to all member states of the EEA, excluding...

The pirposes of this study is to explore the implications of teamwork for trade unions by analysing the unions' responses to the new managerial strategy supporting the concept of teamwork in the British and the Italian system of industrial relations.

Traditionally, literature on open innovation has concentrated on analysis of larger firms. We explore whether and how the benefits of openness in innovation are different for small firms (less than 50 employees) compared to medium and large ones. Using panel data over a long time period...

Investments in design play a potentially significant role in new product development (NPD) although there is little unanimity on the most appropriate or effective design strategy. Previous case-study based studies have identified three alternative design strategies for NPD: design used as a...

The paper surveys the extensive literature concerned with the diffusion of employment practices within multinational companies. The literature concentrates on the transfer of practices from the country of origin to the foreign subsidiaries, which is termed 'forward diffusion'. The aim of this...