emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in … Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks – and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty – caused by …. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them …

prices and abatement costs. We explore a number of "quantity-plus" policies that replicate the behavior of a price policy … (e.g., tradable permits over green taxes), at least in the United States. With cost uncertainty, however, there are clear … efficiency advantages to prices in many cases, especially for stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases. The question arises …

’ abatement costs and future emissions are uncertain. We show that hybrid policies that introduce bounds on the price or the … quantity of abatement provide a way to hedge against differences in marginal abatement costs across partitions. Price bounds … bounds can only address emissions uncertainty. Using a numerical stochastic optimization model with equilibrium constraints …

emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty was instrumental in … Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks - and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty - caused by …. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them …