A number of market failures have been associated with R&D investments and significant amounts of public money have been spent on programs to stimulate innovative activities. In this paper, we review some recent microeconometric studies evaluating effects of government-sponsored commercial R&D....

In the last two decades we have witnessed a rapid increase in foreign direct investment (FDI). Simultaneously, there has been a process of economic integration between countries, bringing down costs of trade. At first sight, the increased importance of FDI seems paradoxical; we would expect...

During the late 1980s, Norwegian salmon farmers had a market share of over 50% for farmed salmon in the USA. In 1991 a countervailing duty and an anti-dumping duty were imposed on Norwegian exports of farmed salmon to the US which basically closed the market for Norwegian salmon. The primary aim...