In this paper we examine the incentives for governments to recognize the standards of foreign products. In the case of non-recognition, a foreign firm must incur an additional cost to sell in the local market.

In this paper we investigate why regulators may wish to open regulated markets to entry by unregulated firms. We adopt Posner's view of regulation as a taxation scheme, whereby regulators set high rates in some markets in order to subsidize other markets.

We present a model in which inflation has a systematic effect on relative prices and welfare. The model focuces on the microeconomics of trade under inflation, and in particular, the role of long-term trading relationships in markets characterized by imperfect information.